Sura Al-Anfal (Arabic: سورة الأنفال, Sūratu al-Anfāl, "The Spoils of War") is the eighth chapter of the Qur'an, with 75 verses. It is a Medinan sura, recorded after the Battle of Badr. It forms a pair with the next Surah, At-Tawba, due to both relating to how Muslims should be in battle.
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Badr[]
Badr is also the subject of Sura 8: Al-Anfal, which details military conduct and operations. Though the Sura does not name Badr, it describes the battle several times:
This was a reference to the pre-battle debate in the Muslim army over whether to pursue the caravan or fight the Meccan army.
These verses highlighted both the chance encounter of the battle (both sides had blundered into each other) as well as the underestimation of both the size of Meccan army by the Muslims and the fierceness of the Muslim army by the Meccans. The Meccan army was described in the second verses, and "Satan" may be referring to Amr ibn Hisham, who was hated by the Muslims and allegedly pushed for the battle repeatedly.
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One sources states Ubay ibn Khalaf was ransomed after Badr, but was killed by Muslims with a spear in the Battle of Uhud (625 CE). Verse was revealed in this occasion.